Posted by : eXisTenCeSS
Sunday, 26 February 2012
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Borobudur temple is the name of a Buddhist temple located at Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java. Location of the temple is about 100 km southwest of Semarang and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. The temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around AD 800-AD in the reign of an dynasty dynasty. In Chinese, this temple is also called 婆罗 浮屠 (Hanyu Pinyin: po luo fu tu)Many theories attempt to explain the name of this temple. One
of them states that the name is probably derived from the word
Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes are
located terraces. In addition there are some other folk etymology. Suppose that the word comes from the word Borobudur "the Buddha" is due to shift the sound to Borobudur. Another explanation is that the name comes from two words "coal" and "beduhur". The
word bara said to have originated from the word monastery, while there
is also another explanation in which the coal comes from Sanskrit which
means temple or monastery and beduhur meaning is "high", or remind the
Balinese language means "above". So the point is a convent or dormitory that is located on high ground.Borobudur TempleHistorian J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation to earn his doctorate in 1950 argued that Borobudur is a place of worship. Based
on the inscriptions and Kahulunan Karangtengah, founder of the
Borobudur Casparis estimate is the king of Mataram dynasty dynasty named
Samaratungga, who did the construction of around 824 AD The giant new building can be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Borobudur construction expected to take half a century. Karangtengah
also mentioned in the inscription on the conferment of land sima
(tax-free land) by Cri Kahulunan (Pramudawardhani) to maintain Kamulan
called Bhūmisambhāra. The
term itself comes from the word Kamulan first place the origin of
meaning, a shrine to honor ancestors, probably the ancestor of the
dynasty Sailendra. Casparis
estimates that Bhumi Sambhāra Bhudhāra in Sanskrit which means "Mount
of the set of ten levels boddhisattwa virtue", is the original name of
Borobudur.The structure of BorobudurBorobudur
punden shaped staircase, which consists of six levels of a square,
three levels of a circular and a main stupa as the peak. Also scattered at all levels-levels several stupas.Borobudur which illustrates clearly the ten-story school of Mahayana philosophy. like a book, Borobudur describes ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha.The foot of Borobudur represents Kamadhatu, the world is still dominated by kama or "low desire". This section is mostly covered by a pile of rocks that allegedly made to strengthen the construction of the temple. At the closed part of this additional structure there are 120 stories Kammawibhangga panel. Small portion was set aside additional structure so that people can still see the relief in this section.Four floors with walls berelief on it by the experts called Rupadhatu. The floor is rectangular. Rupadhatu is a world that has been able to break free from passion, but still bound by the appearance and shape. This level represents the nature of which, between nature and the natural bottom up. In part this Rupadhatu Buddha statues found in the recesses of the wall above the ballustrade or walkways.Start the fifth to the seventh floor the walls are not berelief. This level is called Arupadhatu (which means no tangible form or not). Circular floor plan. This
level represents the nature of, where people are free from all desires
and bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana. Buddha statues are placed inside the stupa is covered with holes like a cage. From outside the statues were still dim.Highest levels form describing the absence of a stupa represented the largest and highest. Stupa depicted plain without holes. In
the largest stupa is a statue of Buddha was found incomplete or
unfinished also known as Buddha, a statue disalahsangkakan as Adibuddha,
but through further research there is never a statue at the main stupa,
statues are not finished it was a mistake pemahatnya in ancient times. according to the belief that one statue in the manufacturing process is not undermined. Archaeological excavations carried out in the courtyard of the temple was discovered many statues like this.In
the past, several statues of Buddha along with 30 stone in relief, two
statues of lions, some of kala-shaped stone, stairs and gates are sent
to the King of Thailand, Chulalongkorn, who visited the Dutch East
Indies (now Indonesia) in 1896 as a gift from the Dutch Government as it.Borobudur has no cult spaces as other temples. That there are long passages which are narrow roads. The hallways surrounding the walled temple level by level. In the halls of the Buddhist is expected to perform ceremonial walk around the temple to the right. Form
of the building without room and terraced structure is believed to be
the development of form punden staircase, which is a form of
architecture from prehistoric native Indonesia.Candi
Borobudur BorobudurStruktur not use cement at all, but the interlock
system is like Lego blocks that can be attached without glue.At every level carved reliefs on temple walls. These
reliefs read off clockwise or mapradaksina called the Old Javanese
language derived from Sanskrit meaning is daksina the east. These reliefs variety of story content, among other reliefs Jataka stories.Reading
of the stories are always the relief begins, and ends on the east side
of the gate at every level, starting on the left and right ends of the
gate. So
obviously that the east is a staircase up the real (primary) and to the
top of the temple, it means that the temple facing the east while the
other sides of similar right.Borobudur TempleIn sequence, the story of the temple reliefs significant briefly as follows:In
accordance with the symbolic meaning of the foot of the temple, reliefs
that decorate the walls of a hidden shelf illustrates the law of karma.
Rows of relief is not a story of the series (serial), but in every picture illustrates a story that has a causal correlation. Relief
is not just to give an overview of human misconduct penalties will be
accompanied by acquired, but also a man of good works and merit. As
a whole is a depiction of human life within the circle of birth - life -
death (samsara) that never ends, and the Buddhist religion is exactly
what will end the chain to get to perfection.History
is a depiction of the Buddha in a row of reliefs (but not a complete
history) that starts from the Buddha's descent from heaven Tusita, and
ending with the first sermon in the Deer Park near the city of Banaras. These
reliefs lined the stairs on the south side, after a row exceeded the
relief of 27 frames starting from the east side of the stairs. To-27
frames that describe the activity, both in heaven and in the world, as a
preparation to welcome the presence of the Bodhisattvas as the last
incarnation of the Buddha. The
reliefs depict the birth of the Buddha in this arcapada as Prince
Siddhartha, the son of King Suddhodana and Empress Maya of Kapilavastu
Affairs. Relief
amounted to 120 frames, which ended with the first sermon, which is
symbolically expressed as the Turning of the Wheel of Dharma, the
teachings of the Buddha is called dharma also means "law", while
symbolized as a wheel of dharma.Jataka is the story of the Buddha was born as Prince Siddharta before. Protrusion of contents is the subject of good works, which distinguishes the Bodhisattvas of any other creature. Indeed, the collection of service / good deeds is a preparatory stage in the effort to the level of Buddhahood.While
Awadana, basically almost the same as the Jataka but the culprit is not
the Bodhisattvas, but other people and the stories collected in the
book Diwyawadana meaning noble godlike, and the book Awadana
Awadanasataka or a hundred stories. In the reliefs of Borobudur and awadana Jataka, treated equally, meaning that they occur in the same row without distinction. The
set of the best known of the life of the Bodhisattvas is Jatakamala or
strands of Jataka stories, the work of poets who Aryasura and live in
the 4th century AD.
A
row of reliefs adorn the walls of the hall-2, is the story of a
wandering Sudhana tirelessly in his quest for knowledge about the
Supreme Truth by Sudhana. Description
of the frame 460 based on the Mahayana Buddhist scripture entitled
Gandawyuha, and for the lid on the story of another Bhadracari. (Article
various sources)
